A "belly" of elections

At a loss of the appropriate term to describe the numerous elections and transitional governments that have characterized the African scene just now, I decided to borrow from the concept of collective nouns that has standard terms for particular groups of things, animals and so on, like a knot of toads, a parliament of owls, a congregation of alligators etc.  I call it a “belly” of elections though to emphasize the number and frequency at which elections have occurred, considering that the “belly” stows a lot of things literarily and figuratively.

I start off with Mali where there was a heated debate on the political scene as to whether or not the election should hold, owing to the strong possibility that it may not give the desired effect. Within a very short time, Mali went through a lot of trauma, which rendered a state that was once known for its serenity, stable but somewhat imperfect democracy as well as its position as some sort of cultural capital being home to notable historical sites and artifacts that are under UNESCO, into something of a “ghost town”.

The economy, society and political stage came under threat, first upturned by a Military coup, then harassed by insurgents, and then further demoralized by extremists who threatened to split the country into two, which resulted in a transitional government that didn’t quite gain its place as an institution of authority over the populace. Everything happened very fast, but the people were resilient in their hope, having tried all these forms of leadership within the shortest possible space of time, they still believed that the election was their last chance at the unity and serenity they once enjoyed.  Experts on Mali kept asking if election was the automatic solution to all the woes that befell this small country, more depressing on the subject of change was also the fact that majority of the 27 candidates had served in almost all the regimes - previous and present. Nevertheless this did not deter the Malians, they flooded the polling stations and completed a peaceful round of voting and now the stage is set for the 2^nd round with Ibrahim Boubacar Keita and Soumaila Cisse going head to head! But then again, the question still hovers, what comes next?

THE LANDSLIDE VICTORY OF ZANU-PF

I now head to Zimbabwe which happens to be more theatrical, where the legislature amended the country’s constitution, and the citizens accepted it in a referendum which got the support of the two sides sharing the country’s power. Another debate ensued about when to set the election date; the opposition MDC wanted reforms before a date was set but President Robert Mugabe in his characteristic manner insisted on the 31^st of July, he even threatened to withdraw Zimbabwe’s membership from the regional bloc SADC not minding that it is the lifeline of its ailing economy. Mr. Mugabe and his ZANU PF party pride themselves with having the support of the rural populace who fit the description of the ordinary man that every politician tries to empathize with. However, two issues take center stage, it was alleged that the voter roll disenfranchised a lot of voters, and in the same breath, it was confirmed that all rural eligible voters were registered as such those who had problems of disenfranchisement were mainly middle class urban voters who support Tsvangirai’s MDC. The African Union observers led by Olusegun Obasanjo former president of Nigeria did not deny that there were irregularities in the vote, but they submitted that they were not enough to render it dishonest and unfair. So I wonder how much of a threat is the urban middle class to Mugabe?

OF EGYPT AND TUNISIA

The situation in Egypt and Tunisia is frightful, in spite of the loss of lives in especially Egypt, there isn’t a sign of respite In an article he wrote in the TIME magazine on the 12^th of July 2013 titled “Egypt must reach out to the Islamists it is now jailing” Fareed Zakaria who hosts the programme GPS on CNN international made the following remarks

Look at the world from the perspective of someone who embraces Islamic politics. In 1991, Islamists won in national elections in Algeria that were free and fair, with dozens of parties contesting and an open and lively campaign. The Algerian military annulled the results and unleashed a campaign of arrests and violence against the party that won. In 1995, Islamists won the elections in Turkey, only to have the Turkish military force the party out of power two years later in what is often referred to as a “soft coup.” In 2006, Hamas won Palestinian ­elections—triggering a boycott of the newly elected government by the U.S. and most of its allies. In Egypt, the Brotherhood won at the polls three times. It won in the parliamentary elections, in the presidential election and then in its referendum for the new constitution, which passed with 64% of the vote. Last year a judge dissolved the lower house of parliament, and now the constitution has been suspended and the President is in jail.

As we wait to see the outcome of the standoff in Egypt right now, one can't help but contemplate the future of democracy in the Arab world, however, what role can we give to lessons learnt in order to have a way forward?

Wishing IBK in Mali the best of luck

 

 

 

 

Cameroon "Afrique en miniature"

In Africa, Cameroon stands out for a number of unique reasons; it is described as one of the most stable democracies in the region. For more than 30 years Paul Biya has ruled the Rebulique of Cameroon, a complex nation with numerous ethnic groups. The geography of the country itself is a marvel, occupying an area of close to half a million square meters ranging from rainforests in the north savanna in the south as well as five distinct climatic zones! This for me is such a wonder! Can’t even fathom how such a country exists. Hence I interviewed a colleague of mine who comes from this “marvel”. His name is Mouhamadou Awal Balarabe and he’s an award winning journalist working with the Deutsche welle in Bonn. My first question was how does the country manage to have this reputation of stability which happens to be a rarity in the region given the present circumstances?

En Afrique, le Cameroun se distingue par un certain nombre de particularités. Il est décrit comme l'une des démocratie les plus stables de la région d'Afrique centrale. Depuis plus de 30 ans, Paul Biya préside au destiné du Cameroun, un pays complexe de part ses nombreux groupes ethniques et sa géographie qui est une merveille: Outre sa superficie de près d'un demi-million de mètres carrés, le cameroun regorge des forêts tropicales au Sud, la savane au Nord ainsi que quatre zones climatiques distinctes. Tellement imaginable que je considere comme une telle merveille! . C'est pourquoi j'ai interviewé un de mes collègues qui vient de cette "Afrique en miniature". Son nom est Mouhamadou Awal Balarabe, qui a remporté un prix de journalisme de lÙE, est aussi redacteur a la Deutsche Welle. Ma première question était de savoir comment le Cameroun a pu se batir une réputation de stabilité dans une zone Afrique centrale qui est réputé assez instable?


President Paul Biya. Photo source: The Richest



There is an informal power sharing system among the different regions of the country that exists in Cameroon. The country has different ethnic groups that communicate. There is an old system that has been in use since independence, which requires that when the president is chosen from the French speaking side of the country, the prime minister must come from the English speaking side. If the president comes from the south, like it is at the moment, and the prime Minister comes from the north west region, then the speaker of the lower house of Parliament for example will have to come from the northern region of the country while the Senate leader comes from the west, as it is also at present. At present the judge of the Supreme Court comes from the coastal region that is in the middle of Cameroon. This helps a lot in stabilizing issues in the country, in a manner that reduces dissatisfaction and complaints, because all regions are carried along no matter who the president is. As such nobody focuses on who the president is, rather more emphasis is placed on the state policy concerning the protection of the rights of individuals irrespective of gender and ethnicity so that success is achieved



Il ya un système de partage du pouvoir informel entre les différentes régions du pays qui existe au Cameroun. Certes il y a un axe délimité entre la Nord et le Sud pour ce qui est de la présidence de la République. Mais le pouvoir est un veritable gateau national qui se partage entre les quatre parties du pays. ca veut dire que lorsque le président est francophone, le premier ministre viendra du côté anglophone du pays. Actuellement le président vient du sud , alors que le premier ministre vient de la région Nord-Ouest, tandis que le président de l'Assemblee Nationale vient de l'Extreme Nord du pays, et celui du Sénat vient de l'ouest. Par contre le président de la Cour suprême vient de la région littorale qui se trouve au milieu du Cameroun. Ce partage aide beaucoup à la stabilisation de problèmes dans le pays, car aucun groupe ethnique n'est véritablement lésé. Personne ne se soucie de qui est le pr´sedent de la République. Mais l'accent est plutôt mis sur comment les interets de chaque partie du cameroun est preservé. C est ca la clé de la stabilité relative du Cameroun.



Photo Source: Africa News


Cameroon has an interesting combination of environmental and mineral resources, for people in neighboring countries or even those from outside the region, how would you describe these to them in a way that they can both identify with as well as get attracted enough to visit?
Le Cameroun a une combinaison intéressante des ressources environnementales , minérales et meme touristiques. comment décririez-vous la particularité du Cameroun a ceux qui voudraient le visiter?

 
Cameroon has a God given gift, which is why for us as citizens; we have a slogan that describes it as “a blend of the African Continent” because every kind of attraction that you can find anywhere on the African continent, exists in Cameroon. If you take the deserts for example that spans the length of the Saharan region, most of the Arab countries as well as Mali and Niger, you can find it in Cameroon. The region that shares a border with Chad for instance is one of such examples. In the month of August during the rainy season, Doula which is the business hub of the country is almost like Lagos in Nigeria and then for the temperate whether, not too cold not too hot, you can find that in Yaoundé the capital city. As such whether it is weather, lifestyle, mineral resources, forest reserve, game reserve or any other thing that relates to tourism Cameroon is the place to find it!

Le Cameroun est un pays beni de Dieu, car il regorge de toutes les autres ressources dont disposent les autres pays du continent africain. C est pourquoi il est considéré comme une 2Afrique en miniature." Toutes les attractions touristques du continent s'y trouvent. Ce désert qui s'étend dans la région sahélienne se trouve dans la partie Nord du Cameroun, qui partage une frontière avec le Tchad. Douala qui est le centre des affaires du pays partage le climat tempéré de Lagos qui est la capitale économique du Nigeria. Par contre le climat équatoriale de la ville de Yaoundé la capitale est commun au pays de la zone Afrique centrale et meme de certains pays du Sud du cintinent. En plus la Cameroun regorge de réserve forestière, de parcs animaliers ainsi que d'autres aspects du tourisme.



Lake Oku! Photo Source: Google


So as a Cameroonian, what are you most proud of about your country?

Donc, en tant que Camerounais, pouvez vous me dire ce qui fait la fierte de votre pays?


What I boast about is the peaceful coexistence we enjoy, because you will find that it is a country that has 256 ethnic groups and it has two main distinct regions known as the “Anglophone” and “Francophone” who have different faiths, apart from Islam, there is Christianity, Traditional Religion as well as atheism and all these do not generate any cause for misunderstanding or violence among citizens in the country and wherever you meet them, even if it is back home, you will think they come from the same family irrespective of their differences. I am really proud of this because it is not so in other countries in Africa where something very little will trigger a very huge problem that will take a long time before it is solved.

Ce que je vente le plus c'est la paix permanente qui y existe au Cameroun malgré sa multitude d'ethnies. Nous jouisson d'une coexistence pacifique entre les 256 groupes ethniques et aussi entre les «anglophones» et «francophones»: Aussi il y a une comprehension mutuelle entre la adaptes de différentes religions, c est a dire l'Islam , le christianisme, et meme les religions traditionnelles ainsi que les athés. l'alchimie savament dosé au cours des générations a généré uin havre de paix. Je suis vraiment fier de cela parce que ce n'est pas le cas dans les autres pays d'Afrique où quelque chose de très peu déclenchera un très grand problème qui va prendre un certain temps avant qu'il soit résolu.

I Second Local Government Autonomy in Naija............... Period!

My very first attempt at driving a four wheel gave me a memory I can never erase. It was during one of the holidays from secondary school, a friend of mine came with a car and we decided to take it for a “spin”. What was supposed to be a fun outing turned out to be the most rigorous exercise I have ever been through. I started the car enthusiastically and put the hand break down, I was then told to step on the clutch and shift the gear to level  one, then let  it go slowly while I pedal on the gas to put “her” on the road where she belongs.

First of all, these motions felt like there were a thousand of them that I just couldn’t follow, and somehow the clutch and gas pedal synchronization felt almost humanly impossible.

After what felt like an eternity of several failed attempts that almost killed the battery I took off!!! But shortly afterwards, the engine started revving harder and I was told to shift gears, then make sure I peak at the rear view mirror and side mirrors as often as I can just in case there are other vehicles that I should be aware of, as well as concentrate on keeping the steering straight so I don’t go off the road, - which I was already doing of course – exasperatedly I thought “how can one concentrate on all these motions and still drive?”, because I panicked I became totally confused and at my wits end, I felt like everything had to happen so quickly and at the same time, it wasn’t a funny feeling at all as I still recall, and I was so upset that I couldn’t get it right.

I stopped the car before I could shift to the third gear and concluded that my friend wasn’t a good teacher after all, besides, when did she even learn that she wants to teach me?

It was this same feeling of bewilderment that resonated with me when I tried to comprehend the ongoing attempts to review the Nigerian constitution; it feels like that first synchronization of the gas pedal and the clutch to get a car to move forward, even after “over 10 years of democracy”. 

A lot has been said about what to adjust and what not to, but the overarching goal is to ensure that it provides the required order in the state. In as much as there are a lot of things that are worthy of mention, for me only two things take center stage, there is an agitation for creation of more states and another for the autonomy of Local Governments. In reality I think proponents of both are hoping for similar solutions but they are looking at the issues based on their different social biases.

A brief look at the history of the most recently created states and a comparison as to whether the achievements recorded there are commensurate with the level of development that should have been is often depressing, usually the state capital has this long tarred road in the middle of the city with a major round about sometimes, then some new generation banks are often littered by the road side, a few government offices, internet cafes, restaurants and new building apartments usually to attract Bank workers as well as Aid workers and other NGOs. Datzall!

Nonetheless, believe it or not, these few buildings bring a lot of people out of the rural areas hoping to benefit from the new land of “opportunity” but unfortunately the majority withers, and what is tougher to understand is that they still hang on, holding onto the thought that tomorrow will be better. Meanwhile on the other hand, it has polarized other groups of people, especially in multi ethnic environments, where suddenly it isn’t about development but politics and  the politics is now focused on which ethnic group is the most dominant and where should power seat? At the expense of a steady implosion of maternal health, infant/child health, as well as the main stay of every human society, food and agriculture.

Hence, I suggest that rather than the creation of states that we have already tried and seen the consequence it is worthwhile to consider how much damage we think giving the Local Governments their autonomy and achieving the true Federalism we proclaim can cause.

Let’s take a moment and rid ourselves of all those horrifying thoughts of how allocations are brought to the council and shared with impunity among “stakeholders” or sometimes even stuck in the state government to offset some dues, as well as the  more horrifying thought of what these local authorities will do if they have the legitimate license to plunder into these resources, and imagine a world where as a result of the autonomy, monies are allocated to long term projects that are crucial to well-being, a world where Local Government is made confident of its status at the grassroots, where it is proud to nurture and watch it’s younger generation grow and thrive in the contemporary traditions of the small communities that make up the council, where teachers and all other skilled man power will be proud to stay home and contribute to the “match forward”.

The bulk of the problems faced today emanate from the grassroots, I may be naïve but I think giving autonomy to the Local Governments is like giving the grassroots a chance to flourish. For a bounteous harvest, a farmer knows that all seeds must germinate from the root upwards but the farmer must be willing to till and stick to the rules of farming to the letter. I think at our age the constant cries of “lack of this”, “corruption this” “religion this” is getting ridiculous!

"June 12" 20 years on... Is Nigerian politics for 'Love' or 'Reason'?

A rather insignificant looking day of the month has now come to be one of the most notable dates in the history of Nigeria. It started like any other day until everything about the 1993 election  that came to bare on that fateful 12th of June went awry.

For many Nigerians, this electioneering period marked the begining of the present democracy that the country is enjoying. Indeed, a lot of hopes were dashed at the time, after the votes that presumed M.K.O Abiola as the clear winner of the presidential election was annulled, but that not withstanding, the flame had been lit to light the country's journey out of millitary rule, and thereby confirming the age old saying that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a step. I quickly counted the years from 1993 till date in my mind, after I read a Newspaper article that said "commemorating 20 years" It seemed untrue that so much time had passed.

Many analysts say that politics is central to our civilisation and that its meaning changes with every change of culture and circumstance. If this is true, as we commemorate this day bearing in mind our various political reasons and biases, I think  the "White Elephant" surrounding us is the present political System in place, and it is for this reason that I am unable to recognise if our politics and political machines have accommodated our culture and circumstances well enough to ensure 'sustainable' civilisation.

In his book Politics, A very short introduction, Kenneth Minogue Professor Emeritus of Political Science from the London School of Economics described the development of politics from the ancient world to the twentieth century, using classic examples  of Greeks and Romans, who are often considered as masters of politics, to urge us to understand why politics is perceived to offer the much needed order and security.
He said:

 "Politics among ancient Greeks was a new way of thinking, Feeling and above all being related to one's fellows. Citizens varied in wealth, Beauty, and intelligence but as citizens they were all equal". He also pointed out that "The politics of Greece was based on reason, but that of the Romans was based on love-love for Country"..... Sweet and Fitting it is to die for one's Country - Wrote the Roman Poet Horace, in a line which long represented the noblest of political Sentiments.................

Although these models had their weaknesses, in my opinion, they maintained human dignity and provided security to a large extent. If indeed June 12 can be considered as the bedrock of our present democracy, in 20 years we ought to have come a long way even if it is by learning from past mistakes. I think it will be worthwhile at this Point, to consider what virtues characterise our politics today, is it Love? Reason? or Others?

Photo Source: Google

Much Ado about Wealth Creation

I guess the idea of a media chat was perceived to be the perfect tool in the on-going search for the most potent instrument to hold the Nigerian government accountable, but for a lot of people like me the enthusiasm to participate or even listen-in is dead!
One of the reasons being that it’s appropriateness in terms of providing a platform for real debate and a one on one engagement between the “Leader” and “the Led”  is no longer cogent
Unable to tune into the most recent media chat with the President myself, before he headed for the D8 meeting in Pakistan, I relied on tweets on my phone to give me the background as well as the main issues the ordinary man was pursuing.
There was so much talk about the failed Lagos-Ibadan Expressway contract, the effect the floods that wreaked havoc in the middle belt areas of the country might have on the availability of food as well as Mr. Presidents opinion on the outcome of the American election.
However, but then a friend of mine put everything in focus, when he tweeted this: I always wait for the punch line and for me the punch line was “I never promised to reduce poverty, I promised to create wealth!”
I will be cynical enough to point out the comedy material that this provides for, although in my defense, my statement isn’t to deride Mr. President’s remarks in any way, but to commend his insight!
I say this because on reading my friend’s tweet, three things took center stage for me, the economy, the “stakeholder” and the individual; one tweet even said immediately he made that pronunciation, he dashed the hope of a hundred million people. However, it is at this stage that I would like to declare how much we overrate or misuse the idea of democracy.
Many consider it a borrowed concept but systems of government like many other things are adopted and adapted to suit peculiarities I think in simple terms I can liken it to a situation where as a woman I see a fellow woman wearing a dress or a beautifully tailored material and I simply go to the same shop and buy the dress in my size or better still buy my own material and copy the style to fit my own body shape
In as much as we view democracy as a platform for political freedom as well economic growth and prosperity, I think that certain inevitable variables come to play in each society for true democracy to reveal itself, and in some cases it could be as basic as the ability of a family at the very bottom of the income grid, to provide itself with three square meals.
People often cringe when the media, the western media in particular is flooded with news, views and pictures of “Poor Africa”, malnourished children as well as dead pasture and in arable lands.
It is in the light of such reasons, that I am assuming the promise of “Wealth Creation” might have been Mr. Presidents style of metaphorically acknowledging the country’s gross misappropriation of wealth.
We know Wealth to be the abundance of valuable resources or material possessions; that everyone wishes for whether as a group or individually.
In a bit of academics, Adam Smith who is often regarded as the father of Economics says it is, “the annual produce of the land and labor of the society, at its simplest, that which satisfies human needs and wants of utility”.
If we want to avoid using poverty to describe the lack of human needs and utility it is ok. But it is also important to point out that wealth was created even if poverty was not reduced. However it is important to seek it out. Hence I ask, “Wealth where art thou?”

Originally Published in Premium Times Newspaper

Our fallen Compatriots on my mind

Just like almost every one else, My heart goes out to the victims of the ill-fated Dana Air. The loss is enormous and to say its's a pity might even be an understatement in trying to describe the extent of some of the losses.

I received the news with so much shock  and disbelief particualrly because I didn't have enough time to hope for survivors, it was immediately revealed to me that there were none! It was one of those moments that you go from oh my God!! then No It can't be..... after going through all these emotions myself, I now feel sheepish to admit that I clung unto a new prayer which said "oh God I just pray that I don't know anyone on that flight" However, as if I was being totally ignored the manifest came out and the list of people I knew felt endless I couldn't bear to peak at my Facebook page lest I become laden with grief.

Now days after the sorrow is still rife, the sorrow is no longer on the increasing number of casualties or more frustrating the loved ones we happen to know directly or indirectly, but a sorrow directed at our feeling of helplessness, especially when the resolve to make it right is weakened by the thought of the challenges that flood to our minds immediately we dare to think about a "disaster" free country.

My friend was upset for many reasons after the crash, like all of us she was also in the dilemma of who to blame, she criticised me for putting up a picture of the crying President on my profile, saying "It is heart breaking and that ***** is shedding Crocodile tears" she further went ahead to acknowledge that in a different plot, 20 people died in Bauchi...... but then what I found more thought provoking was the following:

"So tell me, how do you live by LUCK? the day you did not go to church and your church is bombed you say you are lucky Thank God, because you changed your flight from evening to morning and it crashed you are lucky. You miss your flight, then you are lucky? You did not go to the market on the day it was bombed, then it is testimony time. How long can we be lucky?

It is this same question I have been asking myself subconciously, at the risk of sounding like a staunch believer of science  I wonder.... I feel heavy in my heart to say the words but I wonder how many more innocent  lives will have to be sacrificed before we get it right. My friend thinks Luck isn't enough, I share this sentiment but I would also like to ask, will it be justifiable to simply blame it on fate and the inevitability of Death?

Again my heart goes out to all the grieving families, may God in his infinite mercy grant you the fortitude to bear the irreplaceable loss

Security is the grand normative

Some ironies are self-annulling. Take the phrase ”blissful ignorance” for instance, and try make sense of it. To be sure, you couldn’t be bothered about anything you knew nothing about, and if you ask me to be specific, I will point at the feelings of betrayal and fraud.
We all want the best in life, and I believe even providence designed it that way, but before I become too philosophical Iet me trade off my frustration quickly. I have been trying to make sense of the so-called “Subsidy Report” and its 62 recommendations. The probe itself was instituted on the 8^th of January 2012, but trust me I already had a vague idea of what the outcome would be and the subsequent proceedings that will unfold which will gradually pave way for an inquest that in turn will inspire it to be laid to rest. In the sense of a ritual also,  “we” will praise the government for being brave enough to have staged it in the first place, use it as an example to other similar issues that may arise, and, afterwards give up exasperatedly at the end and blame our system for making it impossible to “dig deep” into such occurrences or even make it successful enough to have a scapegoat!
When it’s all said and done, the story dies a natural death as if I am the only one talking about it at the moment.
Previously, every time I heard “going green” I associated it with being vegetarian and I automatically excluded myself. Along with a friend of mine, we listened to opinions of farmers who were blaming low crop yield to lack of NPK fertilizer and my friend smirked saying even the most scientific countries are turning to organic farming and here we are like a moving car behind a parked one, the irony was always very funny given how easy it is to come across all sorts of garbage that can be classified as organic.

Photo Source: 123RF

I listened to an interesting debate on BBC Africa titled “Africa’s global image: Justified or Prejudiced?” there was quite an impressive collection of opinion but two stood out to me. One was that Africa had its reputation in its hands and is free to shape it however it likes, but such was the post-deterministic discourse that led even progressive Africans to allude more to poverty and disease rather than the geniuses and opportunities that exist, for example telling the story of Africa’s democracy through the lens of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe rather than Ian Khama in neighboring Botswana who is indeed an icon of regional democracy.

The other which made the most impression on me I must underline, is the empiricist construct which opines that once the issue of leadership is addressed, everything will fall into place because right now it is only in Africa where the military teaches democracy, it is only in Africa that the law enforcers are ignorant of the law and it is only in Africa that poachers are employed as game rangers! Quite hilarious, but really, what could be a more accurate description of Africa?
I started on a note that suggested I was going to talk about the subsidy report or probably try to give it my own version of sanctimonious lashing, but no. The massive greed and corruption exposed in this report displays a paradox of need and depravation, which for me is a classic paradox of the security and insecurity I am talking about or how best does one describe the politics of oil in Nigeria?
We are in a time where people are struggling to feel more secure in investment, economic wellbeing and social life. At a time when people unite to vote for an ideology that provides a form of security for the interests they pursue, if Francois Hollande’s victory in France is anything to learn from, a time where the right proportion of knowledge and wisdom is what will sustain security. Japan was powered mainly by nuclear but barely a year after Fukushima the country has gone almost nuclear free to prevent future accidents.

Resources offer the security of a sustainable development but it can only be meaningful if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence while it is imperative to punish those who have violated this rule in favor of self-gratification, it is imperative to note that rather than assume the role of the treasure house security is the key word, not only from terrorist groups and corrupt leaders, ensuring sustainability of what one has, shopping for other resources and seeking a brighter future even when we won’t be part of it no matter how tempting it is to stock our houses with wealth and show people how profiting it is to be in a position to govern.
Originally Published in Premium Times Newspaper